Citation: Muto M, Andreula C, Leonardi M. Treatment of herniated lumbar disc by intradiscal and intraforaminal oxygen-ozone (O2-O3) injection. J Neuroradiol. 2004 Jun;31(3):183-9. doi: 10.1016/s0150-9861(04)96989-1. PMID: 15356443.325503.
Patients: 1750 @ 6 mo. 1400 @ 18 mo.
Design: Retrospective review.
Effectiveness: 80% success rate and 20% failure rate in 1750 patients followed up to 6 months. Success dropped to 75% and failure increased at 25% in 1400 followed up to 18 months.
Safety: No reported adverse events.
Author Comment: Failures mostly related to calcified herniated disk; spinal canal stenosis; recurrent herniated disk with epidural fibrosis; small descending herniated disk at the level of the lateral recess.